Basic knowledge of construction engineering, absolutely dry goods!
release time : 2020-03--03
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1.Whatistheplotratio?Answer:Thefloorarearatioistheratioofthetotalconstructionareaoftheprojecttothetotallandarea.Generallyexpressedasadecimal.Thehigherthefloorarearatio,thelowertheresidents'comfort,andviceversa. 2.Whatisbuildingdensity?Answer:Thebuildingdensityistheratioofthebaseareaoftheprojecttothetotallandarea.Expressedasapercentage.Thehighbuildingdensitymeansthatthehouseis"full"intheland,otherwiseitmeansthatthehouseissparselybuilt. 3.Whatisthegreenspacerate(greeningrate)?Answer:Thegreenspaceratioistheratioofthetotalareaofgreenspacetothetotallandareaoftheproject.Generallyexpressedasapercentage. 4.Whatisthesunshineinterval?Answer:Thesunshinedistanceisthedistancebetweenthetwobuildingsbeforeandafteraccordingtothesunshinetimerequirements.Thecalculationofthesunshineintervalisgenerallybasedontheheightabovethewindowsillonthegroundfloorofthehouseatthesouthofthenoononthedayofthewintersolstice,whichcanbeilluminatedbythesun. 5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenabuildingandastructure?Answer:Allhousesorplaceswherepeopleproduce,liveorotheractivitiesarecalledbuildings,suchasapartments,factories,schools,etc.,andbuildingswherepeopledonotproduceorlivearecalledstructures,suchaschimneys,watertowers,bridgesWait. 6.Whatarethe"threemajormaterials"ofarchitecture?Answer:The"threemajormaterials"ofconstructionrefertosteel,cementandtimber. 7.Whatarethethreecomponentsofconstructionandinstallationengineeringcosts?Answer:Theconstructionandinstallationengineeringcostconsistsofthreeparts:laborcost,materialcost,andmachinerycost. 8.Whatistheunifiedmodularsystem?Whatarethebasicmodulus,expandedmodulus,anddividedmodulus?(1)Theso-calledunifiedmodularsystemisasetofbasicrulesformulatedtoachievestandardizationofdesign,tomakethedimensionsofdifferentbuildingsandbranchesuniformandcoordinated,tomakethemuniversalandinterchangeable.Speedupdesignspeed,improveconstructionefficiencyandreduceconstructioncost.(2)Thebasicmodulusisthebasicunitofdimensionusedinthecoordinationofthemodulus,andMisusedtoindicate1M=1000mm.(3)Expandedmodulusisatypeofderivedmodulus,anditsvalueisamultipleofthebasicmodulus.Therearesixtypesofexpansionmodules,whichare3M(3000mm),6M(6000mm),12M(12000mm),15M(15000mm),30M(30000mm),and60M(60000mm).Largerdimensionsinthebuilding,suchasbays,depths,spans,columnspacing,etc.,shouldbemultiplesofacertainexpandedmodulus.(4)Partialmodulusisanotherkindofderivedmodulus,anditsvalueisamultipleofthebasicmodulus.Therearethreetypesofsub-modules:1/10M(100mm),1/5M(200mm),and1/2M(500mm).Smallerdimensionsinthebuilding,suchasgaps,wallthicknesses,structuralnodes,etc.,shouldbemultiplesofacertainsub-module. 9.Whatarethelogosize,structuresize,andactualsize?(1)Themarksizeisusedtoindicatethedistancebetweenthepositioningaxes(openings,depths)ofthebuilding,andthedimensionsbetweentheboundariesofthebuildingproducts,buildingcomponents,andrelatedequipmentlocations.Thesizeofthemarksshallcomplywiththerequirementsofthemodularsystem.(2)Structuraldimensionsarethedesigndimensionsofbuildingproductsandbuildingcomponents.Constructionsizeissmallerorlargerthanlogosize.Ingeneral,thestructuralsizeplusthereservedgapsizeorminusthenecessarysupportsizeisequaltothemarksize.(3)Theactualsizeistheactualsizeofthebuildingproductsandbuildingcomponents.Thedifferencebetweentheactualandstructuraldimensionsshallbetheallowablebuildingtolerancevalue. 10.Whatisthepositioningaxis?Answer:Thepositioningaxisisalineusedtodeterminethepositionofthemainstructureorcomponentofthebuildingandthesizeofthesign. 11.Whatishorizontalandvertical?Whatarehorizontalandverticalaxes?(1)Horizontalreferstothewidthdirectionofthebuilding.(2)Longitudinalmeansthelengthofthebuilding.(3)Theaxissetalongthewidthofthebuildingiscalledthetransverseaxis.ItsnumberingmethodusesArabicnumeralstobewritteninthecircleoftheaxisfromlefttoright.(4)Theaxissetalongthelengthofthebuildingiscalledthelongitudinalaxis.Itsnumberingmethodusesuppercaselettersfromtoptobottomandiswrittenintheaxiscircle(wherethelettersI,O,andZarenotused). 12.Whatistheopeninganddepthofthehouse?Answer:Theopeningreferstothewidthofahouseandthedistancebetweentwotransverseaxes;thedepthreferstothedepthofahouseandthedistancebetweentwolongitudinalaxes. 13.Whatisthefloorheight?Whatistheclearheight?Answer:Floorheightreferstotheheightbetweenfloorsofthebuilding,andtheheightfromthefloororthefloortothenextfloororfloor;theheadroomreferstotheheadroomoftheroomandtheheightfromthefloortotheceilingskin. 14.Whatisthetotalbuildingheight?Answer:Thetotalbuildingheightreferstothetotalheightfromtheoutdoorfloortothetopofthecornice. 15.Whatiselevation?Whatareabsoluteandrelativeelevations?(1)Theheightdifferencebetweenacertainpartofthebuildingandthedeterminedwaterreferencepointiscalledtheelevationofthatpart.(2)Absoluteelevationisalsocalledaltitude.InChina,theaveragesealeveloftheYellowSeanearQingdaoissettothezeropointofabsoluteelevation,andelevationsthroughoutthecountryarebasedonthis.(3)Therelativeelevationisbasedonthegroundofthemainroomonthefirstfloorofthebuildingasthezeropoint(+0.00),whichindicatestheheightoft
